Chief Joseph

I saw that the war could not be prevented. The time had passed.

We had good white friends who advised us against taking the war path. My friend and brother, Mr. Chapman, told us just how the war would end.

I said in my heart that, rather than have war, I would give up my country.

War can be avoided, and it ought to be avoided. I want no war.

I saw clearly that war was upon us when I learned that my young men had been secretly buying ammunition.

It required a strong heart to stand up against such talk, but I urged my people to be quiet and not to begin a war.